Florence fennel (Foeniculum vulgare var. azoricum), also known as finocchio, is a bulbous variety of fennel that is grown for its swollen, bulb-like stem base, which is used as a vegetable. Unlike the common fennel, which is typically grown for its fronds and seeds, Florence fennel is prized for its anise-flavored, crunchy bulb that can be sautéed, grilled, roasted, or eaten raw in salads.
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)
Florence fennel requires full sun, ideally receiving at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily.
The plant prefers rich, fertile, and well-draining soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Incorporate plenty of organic matter into the soil before planting to promote healthy growth and bulb development.
Florence fennel needs consistent moisture to develop large, tender bulbs. Water regularly to keep the soil evenly moist but not waterlogged. Mulching around the plants can help retain soil moisture and reduce weed competition.
Fennel is a cool-season crop that grows best in mild temperatures. High temperatures can cause the plants to bolt (flower prematurely), leading to smaller and less flavorful bulbs.
In cooler climates, sow seeds in early spring for a late spring to early summer harvest. In warmer regions, fennel can be grown in the fall for a winter harvest.Apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer at planting time. You can also side-dress with a nitrogen-rich fertilizer once the bulbs begin to form to encourage growth.